Quiz+Chapter+3

__**Chapter 3 Quiz**__

**Multiple Choice & True and False**

**1.** The following is __**not**__ one of the 4 factor’s (that influence career development) identified by //Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory//:

a. Genetic endowment and special abilities b. Learning experiences c. Family values d. Environmental conditions and events e. Task approach skills

**2.** True or False: Positivist theories include- Trait & factor theories, developmental theories and learning theories.

**3.** True or False: Postmodern theories assume human behavior is nonlinear and cannot be studied objectively.

**4.** According to Social Cognitive Career Theory, career-related behavior is influenced by 4 aspects of the person, which of the following is __**not**__ an aspect?

a. behavior b. values c. self-efficacy beliefs d. outcome expectations e. goals

**5.** True or False: The Career Thoughts Inventory was developed in order to provide guidelines to help people solve career problems.

**6.** A role of career counselors according to postmodern contextualist theory is to:

a. Find all contexts in which the client is having trouble in b. Help your client project their narratives into future contexts c. Interview the client in order to identify the central issue d. Use client narratives only as a last resort

**7.** True or False: Chaos theory of career development centers around everything in the world being connected and unpredictable.

**8.** Which of the following Learning Theories focus the least on decision-making?

a. Lent, Brown, and Hackett’s Social Cognitive Career Theory b. Peterson’s Career Information Processing Model c. Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory

**9.** ___________ approach would be the best, when working with someone who shows limited experiences and cognitive ability.

a. Theory of Vocational Choice b. Social Learning Theory c. Career Information Processing Model d. Social Cognitive Career Theory

**10.** The purpose of Socioeconomic Theories is to:

a. Increase understanding of sociological and economic factors on career choice and development b. Increase understanding of psychological and biological factors on career choice and development c. Emphasize positive differences d. Reinforce positive solutions in past dilemmas

Answer Key: (1)c (2)T (3)T (4)b (5)F (6)b (7)T (8)a (9)d (10)a

**Matching**

Terms:
 * 1) Instrumental learning experiences
 * 2) Self- Efficacy Theory
 * 3) Associative learning experiences
 * 4) Self observation generalizations
 * 5) Task approach skills
 * 6) Self-efficacy
 * 7) Outcome expectations
 * 8) Contextual affordances
 * 9) Distal barriers and supports
 * 10) Proximal barriers and supports

Definitions: A. Reaction to external stimuli, by observing real or fictitious models, pairing two events in time and location B. Efforts by the person to project into the future self-observation generalizations to make predictions about future events C. Confidence in ability to accomplish tasks in a particular domain D. Individual actions on environment producing consequences E. Overt or covert self-statement that evaluates one’s own actual or vicarious performance in relation to learned standards F. Our perception rather than actual ability sometimes, our perception of our ability, can be the pathway that leads to interests G. Outcomes expected of domain-specific actions H. Factors that hinder or facilitate implementation of career choices that are close in time to the choice I. Environmental resources and obstacles that shape career development J. Factors that hinder or facilitate the development of learning experiences and self-efficacy

Answer Key: (1)D (2)F (3)A (4)E (5)B (6)C (7)G (8)I (9)J (10)H

**True and False—From end of Chapter** (p. 77)

1. True or False: The importance of self-efficacy is stressed in Krumboltz’s learning theory explanation of career decision making.

2. True or False: The two themes that appear most often in career development theories presented in this chapter are the importance of self-knowledge and knowledge about careers.

3. True or False: The two models of postmodern career counseling presented in this chapter agree that starting place for the process is having the client state the goal.

4. True or False: In the postmodern approach to career counseling, career counselors are supposed to suspend their values.

5. True or False: According to Bloch, the client can be perceived as a fractal.

6. True or False: The client who vacillates between two occupational choices is constrained by a Torus attractor.

7. True or False: The social cognitive theory and Krumboltz’s learning theory were both based on Bandura’s learning theory.

8. True or False: Blau and Duncan, who are socioeconomic theorists, concluded initially that the social status of the family was the primary factor in occupational attainment.

9. True or False: De Shazer used the magic question as a way of stimulating people to fantasize about their own future.

10. True or False: In considering the role of the counselor in career counseling, the common theme among all the theories is the importance of the counselor assessing a client problem.

Answer Key: (1)F (2)T (3)F (4)T (5)F (6)F (7)T (8)T (9)T (10)F

**All information was obtained from:** Brown, D. (2012) Career information, career counseling, and career development. Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.