Mini+Quiz

__Quiz 1__
1.) All of the following are true about socioeconomic theory EXCEPT a) greater emphasis on factors the individual can't control. b) considers large group trends/behavior c) serves to advance practice and help with career development counseling d) views competition, status, and advancement as possible motivators

2.) Many of the different paradigms or groups of theories consider the following EXCEPT for a) characteristics, skills, qualities of the individual b) time (not limited to a stage view of time) c) identity, self-concept, self-awareness d) spirituality

3.) An open question style type of interview might be used by all of the following EXCEPT for a) Savickas b) Holland c) Super d) Peterson

4.) When working with someone who might have limited cognitive ability and experiences, what would be the best approach? a) Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) b) Solution focused counseling c) Theory of vocational choice d) Career information processing theory (CIP)

5.) One approach to career development that endorses that "all people should have somewhat equal access to the benefits of society" (Brown, 2007) is a) the empowerment model b) a traditional approach c) socioeconomic theory d) emancipatory communitarianism

6) All of the following researchers/theorists have "considerable" empirical evidence except for a) Roe b) Gottfredson c) Bloch d) A & C

7) The learning theory that focuses the least on decision making is a) Peterson's b) Lent, Brown, and Hackett's c) Krumboltz's

8) The theory that seems to be most appropriate for use with individuals from other cultures that value collectivism as opposed to individualism would be a) MTWA b) Life-span, life-space c) Values-based theory of occupational choice d) Career info processing (CIP)

9) All of the following theories discuss gender, except for a) Solution-focused (brief) theory/career counseling b) MTWA c) Theory of Circumscription and Compromise d) Social cognitive career theory (SCCT)

10) The postmodern theory that does NOT focus on narratives is a) Contexualist theory of career b) Constructivist counseling c) Chaos theory d) Solution-focused (brief) career counseling

11)The Gibson article states, "the genogram is a self-report tool, that comes with its own validity issues." Which of the following is a validity issue of a genogram? a) Students providing only minimal information b) Students providing incorrect information purposely c) Students providing false information unknowingly d) All of the above

12) The Holland Code is... a) NOT intended to be as accurate or comprehensive as a full instrument b) Broken down into 6 broad job categories c) A way to find out clusters of occupations that would not be of interest to you d) A and B

13) Which category is NOT one of the six broad job categories described in the Holland Code? a) Investigative b) Spiritual c) Enterprising d) Social

14) If your Holland Code was ASI, you may like working in small, intimate groups. True OR False.

15) The Duffy article, "Spirituality, Religion, and Career Development: Current Status and Future Directions" proposes what correct information? a) Witmer and Sweeney's Holistic Model of Wellness states that self-regulation is the center piece that serves as the primary influence on the development of values b) Spirituality and religiousness serve as positive predictors for career choice commitment c) Individuals who have a higher level of spiritual and religious well being have a higher level of job satisfaction d) The Lifecareer Model proposed by Miller-Tiedeman does not encourage individuals to learn as they go, but look to others to help them develop their own personal theory about career decision making

16) In the Duffy article, Witmer and Sweeney's Holistic Model of Wellness proposed that each individual has five basic life tasks. Which is NOT one of those tasks? a) Self-regulation b) Family c) Love d) Spirituality

17) Bloch's Model of Spirituality and Career Counseling is founded in complexity theory. True OR False.

18) In the Savickas article, "Constructivist Counseling for Career Indecision," it is stated that constructivist counselors view career indecision as a sign of digression. True OR False.

19) Which is a type of question that is NOT used in constructivist career counseling (Savickas)? a) What are your earliest recollections? I am interested in hearing three stories about things you recall happening to you when you were three to six years old. b) Who were some of your heroines growing up? c) What do you not like about your current job/ career path? d) How can I be useful to you as you construct your career?

20) Super's Life Span, Life Space Theory consists of several life stages. Which of the following is not a stage? a) Exploratory stage b) Establishment stage c) Growth stage d) Maintenance stage

21) The theory that Gottfredson proposes (Theory of Circumscription and Compromise) is concerned with how career aspirations develop. True OR False.

22) Synchronicity, according to Jung, involves the existence of patterns that embrace both mental and spiritual worlds. True OR False.

23). Which of the following is NOT one of Super's main concepts? a) career maturity b) role salience c) compromise d) personal construct

24) Circumscription is best defined as a) modifying choices due to limiting factors b) eliminating unacceptable occupations c) readiness to cope with developmental tasks d) seeking professional recognition and security

25) What are the two major types of learning experiences, according to social learning theory? a) reaction and pairing b) internal and environmental c) observational and classical d) instrumental and associative

26) Which of the following is NOT part of the postmodern approach? a) causal realities b) holistic thinking c) contextual elements d) subjectivity

27) Which answer describes the types of questions used in solution-focused counseling? a) direct, scaling, minor b) open, specific, brief c) direct, miracle, scaling d) closed, causal, miracle

28) Which is true about the need for career development services? a) many workers are employed in jobs where they are not able to use skills and knowledge they have developed b) unemployment is at its highest since the Great Depression of 1930 c) many workers are becoming discouraged and giving up looking for jobs d) all of the above

29) Super and Brown proposed that values are NOT a major factor in occupational choice. True OR False.

30) The theory most like Holland's theory is the theory of work adjustment. True OR False.

31) Brown's values-based theory is predicated on the belief that the individual holds an independence social value and will choose his or her own occupation. True OR False.

32)All of these theories are learning based EXCEPT: a) Krumboltz's theory b) Social Cognitive Career theory c) Gottfredson's Theory d) Career Information-Processing Model

33) Positivist theories assume a) Human behavior is nonlinear and cannot be objectively studied b) Research should be value free and if the researcher's values enter the process, the results are likely to be flawed c) Individuals cannot be studied outside the context in which they function d)Stories the students tell are legitimate sources of data

34) What is the process of weaving parts of one's contexts (environments, reference groups, etc.) into the structure of the self? a) Causality b) Contextualism c) Construction d) Deconstruction

35) Who created the five-step approach to career counseling? a) Super b) Young c) Savickas d) Gottfredson

Answer Key 1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. D, All of the following are validity issues of using a genogram to examine family career themes. Validity issues can occur for many reasons, including, the child having an emotional distance from the family, lack of knowledge about one's family due to adoption, or family circumstances that prevent disclosure of certain information. Counselors can work with these students to provide a friendly and comfortable environment to possibly complete the genogram together. 12. D, Both and A and B are correct. The Holland Code is a generalization and not likely to be an exact fit, although it may help you find different areas in which you can find satisfaction occupationally. 13. B. Spiritual is not one of the six categories described. The six categories are realistic (farming), investigative (reading art and music), artistic (draw or paint), social (teaching children), enterprising (sales people), and conventional (use a cash register). 14. True. The ASI Holland Code stands for artistic, social, and investigative. Working in small, intimate groups is a characteristic that falls under the artistic category. 15. C. A is incorrect because the Holistic Model of Wellness states that spirituality is the center piece that serves as the primary influence on the development of values. B is incorrect because no significant relationship was found for career choice commitment, although it was found that spirituality and religiousness each serve as significant positive predictors of career decision self-efficacy. D is incorrect because Miller-Tiedman's Lifecareer Model does encourage individuals to learn as they go and be open to new career paths. 16. B. Family is NOT one of the five basic life tasks proposed by this model. The five basic tasks are self-regulation, spirituality, work, friendship, and love. Each task builds on the others and, based on the level of importance placed on a task, serves to guide the other four tasks. 17. True. Bloch's model is founded on complexity theory. Complexity theory proposes that in any system, each component is directly or indirectly affected by the other components. 18. False. The constructivist prospective states that career indecision is a sign of transformation, not digression. Indecision is viewed as part of a normal experience that occurs when people are about to lose their place. The transformation happens when people are in the process of losing their place and making another. 19) C. A, B, and D are all examples of questions that could be asked in a career counseling session done in a constructivist format. In class, we asked a partner some of these questions to try and reveal a life theme, portray a clear and stable identity, and give a voice to that identity using the answers to the questions provided. 20) All of the theories listed are stages! The growth stage refers to physical and psychological growth in which the individual forms attitudes and behavior mechanisms that become important components of self-concept. The exploratory stage refers to the individual's awareness that an occupation is an aspect of life, and during the stage children explore "fantasy" jobs such as cowboys, movie stars, and astronauts. The establishment stage relates to early encounters within actual work experiences. Trial and error is heavy during this period. The maintenance stage consists of the individual attempting or continuing to improve the occupational situation. 21) True. The theory is predicted on four basic assumptions including: the career development process begins in childhood, career aspirations are attempts to implements one's self-concept, career satisfactions depends on the degree to which the career is congruent with self-perceptions, and people develop occupational stereotypes that guide them in the selection process. 22) False. Jung believed that synchronicity accounts for striking and apparently inexplicable occurrences that link two or more events together, which consist of an inner feeling and an outer event. Accounts of synchronicity imply the existence of patterns that embrace he physical and mental world.

23) C 24) B 25) D 26) A 27) C

28. D. 29. True. 30. True. 31. False. All of the theories presented in chapter 2 are predicated on the above mentioned belief EXCEPT for Brown's theory. 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. C