Savickas'+view+of+theories

The textbook author Duane Brown, sees the categories of career development theories through a trait lens; however the postmodern, constructivist-theorist Savickas sees the theories differently.

Based on: Savickas, M.L. (2012). Life design: A paradigm for career intervention in the 21st century. //Journal of Counseling & Development//, //90//, 13-19.
 * Paradigm || Examples of approaches within the paradigm || Process || Essential concepts ||
 * **Vocational**
 * Guidance**

//Positivistic thinking// //Rational thinking// || “**Person-environment fit** approach of Holland (1997) and Lofquist and Dawis (1991)”

(as cited in Savickas, 2012, p. 15). || (a) enhance self-knowledge; (b) increase occupational information; (c) match self to occupation (Savickas, 2012, p. 15). || **“__scores__**” (Savickas, 2011, as cited in Savickas, 2012, p. 17)

(Brown, 2016, p. 105) ||
 * "__self as object__" - "interest inventories"**
 * **Career education**

//Combines// //developmental and// //learning theories, which// //textbook author, Duane Brown separates// || “**Career development and assessment** counseling” of Niles (2001) and Super (1983); …

“**social cognitive framework**” of Brown & Lent (1996);

and “**learning theory**” of Krumboltz, (1996)

(as cited in Savickas, 2012, p. 15) || (a) assess development status; (b) orient individual to imminent developmental tasks; (c) develop attitudes and competencies needed to master those tasks (Savickas, 2012, p. 15). || **“__stages__**” (Savickas, 2011, as cited in Savickas, 2012, p. 17)

(Brown, 2016, p. 105) ||
 * "__self as subject__"**
 * "sets goals...makes decisions"**
 * **Life Design**

//Combines Solution-focused therapy of Amundson & other postmodern theories// || “**Career style assessment and counseling**” by Savickas (1989);

“**Narrative**” by Cochran (1997);

“**constructivist career counseling**” by Peavy (1997);

…”**metaphor making**” Amundson (2010)

(as cited in Savickas, 2012, p. 15) || (a) construct career through small stories; (b) deconstruct these stories and reconstruct them into an identity narrative or life portrait; and (c) coconstruct intentions that lead to the next action episode in real world (Savickas, 2012, p. 15). || “__**stories**__” (Savickas, 2011, as cited in Savickas, 2012, p. 17)

(Brown, 2016, p. 105) ||
 * "__self as project__"**
 * "work in progress"**

Here's another author's take on same idea

From: Welds, K. [blog] Three approaches to identifying a career. Retrieved from https://kathrynwelds.com/tag/mark-savickas/

This differs from Brown's organization in the text: Brown, D. (2016). //Career information, career counseling, and career development// (11th ed.). Boston: Pearson.


 * Person-environment/trait theorists**
 * Parson's (1909) //**person-environment congruence**//
 * Minnesota Theory of Work Adjustment (Gibson, Weiss, Dawis and Lofquist, 1970)---//**person-environment __correspondence__**//
 * Holland's Career Typology (1959-1997) - //**person-environment congruence**//
 * Duane Brown's Value-Based Model of Career and Life Choices and Satisfaction (1996, 2002)


 * Developmental theorists**
 * Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad and Herma Theory (1951)
 * Super's Life Span, Life Space Theory (1953, 1957, 1990)
 * Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise (1981, 1996)


 * Learning theorists**
 * Krumboltz's Social Learning Theory or Happenstance Learning Theory (HLT) (1979, 1991)
 * Career Information Processing (CIP) Model - Peterson, Sampson, Reardon (1991)
 * Lent, Brown, and Hackett's Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) (1994, 2002)
 * Duane Brown (2016) groups these theories together; however, I would question whether the cognitive theorists might distinguish themselves more explicitly from the instrumental or traditional learning theory of Krumboltz. All these theories do have some roots in Albert Bandura (1986) which binds them together. ||


 * Chaos Theories**
 * Bloch (2005)
 * Bright and Pryor (2005, 2008)


 * Constructivists/Postmodern theories**
 * Young, Valach & Collin's Contextualist Career Theory (2002)
 * Savickas' Postmodern Career Theory (1995, 1997, 2013)
 * Solution-focused Brief Career Counseling (deShazer, 1985; Amundson, 2003)