Quiz+Questions+on+Career+Development+Theories

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1. Based on Holland's theory, the most incompatible work environment for an artistic personality is................. a. Artistic b. social c. conventional d.investigative

2. ................ attempted to make explicit the relationship between genetic factors and early family relations on on hand and vocational direction on the other hand.

3. ................ believed that people expresses their personalities through the work they do and that members of a specific occupation have similar personalities.

4. According to Super (1957), the ...................... stage includes the efforts that individuals make to get better ideas of occupational information, choose career alternatives, decide on occupations and start to work.

5. According to Holland, .................... refers to the relationship of personality to environment.

6.Following receipt of a bachelor's degree in sociology, Yolanda joined the Peace Corps. Now, at 25 years of age, she is reviewing her employment options by examining her personal needs and goals, interests, abilities, and opportunities and has made a tentative occupational choice. In light of Super's developmental stages, Yolanda is
 * 1) in exactly the right stage.
 * 2) head of expectations.
 * 3) behind expectations.
 * 4) not in any of Super's stages.

7. In her career development theory, Linda Gottfredson identified four stages of development experienced by children. During the second stage, children begin to rule out some jobs as not appropriate for them. This stage is characterized by an orientation of children to


 * 1) sex roles.
 * 2) internal, unique characteristics of self.
 * 3) size and power.
 * 4) social valuation

Sources 1-5: http://ddms.usim.edu.my/bitstream/handle/123456789/798/ABA3033%20-%20Career%20Development%20pass.pdf?sequence=3 6-7: http://www.counselor-exam-prep.com/nce-practice-exam.html

Below I have created some different questions to help everyone focus on the basic **concepts of career development theories**. I made them short answer questions because the other mini quiz already has multiple choice. Answers are at the bottom of the page. I hope this is a helpful review to everyone! ~Emily 20.What do circumscription and compromise mean in relation to Gottfredson’s Theory? 21.Which theory believed that the process to self-efficacy beliefs is important in career development? 22.What type of career development theories focuses on structural variables and puts greater emphasis on external factors rather than an individual’s control over their life? 23.Which theory says that people develop two types of knowledge, self-knowledge and occupational knowledge, and applies the decision-making process to that? 24.Which theory did Brown develop that was best suited for individuals with traditional Eurocentric values? 25.Which theory looked at two types of learning as examples, instrumental and associative learning? 26.Which theory believes the way to understand individuals is in the context of their environment as they experience them and understand the meaning of these experiences? 27.Which theory assumes that family status and cognitive variables combined with social-psychological processes will influence educational attainment and in turn influence occupational attainment? 28.Which model believes that a decision will be made based on the force or pressure that is directly related to the sum of all valences and the strength of the expectancies? 29.Which theory places more emphasis on self-regulatory cognitions especially those associated with self-efficacy expectations? 30.Which theory takes role-salience into account? 31.Whose theory is based on the social learning theory of Bandura? 32.Which theory contains 11 principles that describe career as an adaptive entity? 33.Which model allows an individual to focus on all choices simultaneously and eliminate those that do not meet the decision maker’s minimum standard? 34.Which theory attempted to account for the complexity of all life roles? 35.Which theory uses second-order questioning? 36.Which theorist believes the self-concept consists of a social self and a psychological self? 37.Which theory looks at these two factors of concern, readiness and the complexity factor?
 * Quiz Questions**
 * 1) From what disciplines did the theories of career development originate?
 * 2) What characteristics are important in judging a theory?
 * 3) What are the major types of career development theories?
 * 4) What are the six types of work environments/personalities in Holland’s theory?
 * 5) Which type of theory can be viewed as a “fit” theory?
 * 6) What is the difference between the active approach and the reactive approach in the theory of work adjustment?
 * 7) Which theory did Frank Parsons create?
 * 8) What does a person’s Holland Code represent?
 * 9) Which theory believed that vocational assessment is important to individuals understanding themselves and their work?
 * 10) Which theory describes that people have two different types of needs that they try to satisfy through their selection of work?
 * 11) Which theory believes the individual’s personality is key?
 * 12) Which theory identifies four developmental stages ending with orientation to the internal, unique self?
 * 13) Which theory uses an interview styles to determine a client’s life themes?
 * 14) What does the Dual Labor Market Theory suggest?
 * 15) What are the five steps that career counselors should go through in Savickas’ theory?
 * 16) Which theory has the objective of reaching career maturity that can be described by six components?
 * 17) Which model states that the most favorable situation to be in when making an appropriate decision is a state of vigilance, during which an individual can give attention to acquiring information about alternatives and weighing the advantages and disadvantages?
 * 18) Which theory has the overall goal for career counselors to help facilitate learning of self to enable the client to create a satisfying life with a constantly changing career?
 * 19) What theory asks direct questions, miracle questions and scaling questions to help the client imagine the possible?

1. From what disciplines did the theories of career development originate? -Differential Psychology -Personality Psychology (individual traits) -Sociology (identifying yourself) -Development Psychology (dynamic forces, changes) 2. What characteristics are important in judging a theory? 3. What are the major types of career development theories? 4. What are the six types of work environments/personalities in Holland’s theory? realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising and conventional
 * Answers:**
 * 1) Validity and reality
 * 2) Convincing evidence
 * 3) Past and future outcomes
 * 4) Withstand new data and discoveries
 * 5) Stimulate new research
 * 6) Understandable and simple
 * 7) Self-satisfying
 * Trait & Factor Theories (Person-Environment Theories)
 * Developmental Theories
 * Postmodern Theories
 * Theories in Learning Theory
 * Constructivist/Phenomenological Theories
 * Socioeconomic Theories
 * Theories of Decision Making

5.Which type of theory can be viewed as a “fit” theory? -Person-Environment Theory/ Trait-Factor Theory

6.What is the difference between the active approach and the reactive approach in the theory of work adjustment -The active approach makes a direct attempt to make the work environment more responsive to their needs. The reactive approach is different because the individual changes themselves to respond to the perceived demands of the workplace.

7.Which theory did Frank Parsons create? -Trait-Factor Theory

8.What does a person’s Holland Code represent? -A three letter code that describes an individual’s personality type and the work environment that may match with that personality type. The code helps the individual to identify occupations that are congruent with their personality types.

9.Which theory believed that vocational assessment is important to individuals understanding themselves and their work? -Trait-Factor Theory

10.Which theory describes that people have two different types of needs that they try to satisfy through their selection of work? -Theory of Work Adjustment

11.Which theory believes the individual’s personality is key? -Holland’s Theory of Vocational Choice

12.Which theory identifies four developmental stages ending with orientation to the internal, unique self? Gottfredson’s Theory of Circumscription and Compromise

13.Which theory uses an interview styles to determine a client’s life themes? Savickas’ Constructivist Theory

14.What does the Dual Labor Market Theory suggest? There are two types of businesses in our labor market. Core businesses encourage well developed career paths and offer opportunities to move upward. Peripheral businesses promise no long-term commitment to their employees. Individuals are paid by the job they do and are let go when no longer needed. 15.What are the five steps that career counselors should go through in Savickas’ theory?
 * 1) Evoke stories that allow the identification of life themes
 * 2) The counselor should then narrate the theme to the client
 * 3) The client and counselor can interpret the problem in the context of the theme
 * 4) Edit or change the theme and extend it into the future
 * 5) Help the client to develop behavioral skills needed to implement the future narrative theme that has been developed

16. Which theory has the objective of reaching career maturity that can be described by six components? Super’s Life Span, Life Space Theory

17.Which model states that the most favorable situation to be in when making an appropriate decision is a state of vigilance, during which an individual can give attention to acquiring information about alternatives and weighing the advantages and disadvantages? Janis and Mann’s conflict model

18.Which theory has the overall goal for career counselors to help facilitate learning of self to enable the client to create a satisfying life with a constantly changing career? Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory 19.What theory asks direct questions, miracle questions and scaling questions to help the client imagine the possible? Solution-Focused Brief Career Counseling 20.What do circumscription and compromise mean in relation to Gottfredson’s Theory? Circumscription is the process of eliminating unacceptable occupational alternatives based on primarily gender and social class. Compromise is the process of modifying career choices due to limiting factors.

21.Which theory believed that the process to self-efficacy beliefs is important in career development? Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory

22.What type of career development theories focuses on structural variables and puts greater emphasis on external factors rather than an individual’s control over their life? Socioeconomic Theories (purpose is not to use in practice but to increase understanding of sociological and economic factors on career development)

23.Which theory says that people develop two types of knowledge, self-knowledge and occupational knowledge, and applies the decision-making process to that? Career Information-Processing Model

24.Which theory did Brown develop that was best suited for individuals with traditional Eurocentric values? Values-Based Theory

25.Which theory looked at two types of learning as examples, instrumental and associative learning? Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory

26.Which theory believes the way to understand individuals is in the context of their environment as they experience them and understand the meaning of these experiences? Contextualist Theory (Young, Valach, and Collin)

27.Which theory assumes that family status and cognitive variables combined with social-psychological processes will influence educational attainment and in turn influence occupational attainment? -Status Attainment Theory

28.Which model believes that a decision will be made based on the force or pressure that is directly related to the sum of all valences and the strength of the expectancies? -Vroom’s expectancy model

29.Which theory places more emphasis on self-regulatory cognitions especially those associated with self-efficacy expectations? Social Cognitive Perspective (Lent, Brown and Hackett)

30.Which theory takes role-salience into account? Super’s Life Span, Life Space Theory

31.Whose theory is based on the social learning theory of Bandura? Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory

32.Which theory contains 11 principles that describe career as an adaptive entity? Bloch’s Chaos Theory

33.Which model allows an individual to focus on all choices simultaneously and eliminate those that do not meet the decision maker’s minimum standard? Elimination by Aspects (Tversky)

34.Which theory attempted to account for the complexity of all life roles? Values-Based Theory

35. Which theory uses second-order questioning? -Solution-Focused Brief Career Counseling

36. Which theorist believes the self-concept consists of a social self and a psychological self? Gottfredson

37.Which theory looks at these two factors of concern, readiness and the complexity factor? Career Information-Processing Model

Brown, D. (2012). Career Information, Career Counseling, And Career Development. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
 * Reference**